April 2025
Browse Studies By Topic
Alternatives to animal products
AI in the alternative meat industry shaping sustainable eating
Abstract: The growing world interest in sustainable solutions for traditional meat consumption has led to a dramatic increase in demand for environmentally friendly meat alternatives. Alternative meat which exists both through plant-based and cultivated approaches represents a strong solution for lowering environmental repercussions of food production [1]. An essential scientific barrier persists since scientists struggle to duplicate authentic meat features including taste elements and nutritional makeup and textural characteristics [2]. Artificial intelligence (AI) starts its role at this point. Through its application companies have developed sustainable products which possess both authenticity and attractiveness in their products. This piece examines how artificial intelligence controls developments in alternative meat products while establishing sustainable food consumption methods [3].
Jamal, A. (2025). AI in the alternative meat industry shaping sustainable eating. American Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Computing, 1(1), 63-69. https://www.theamericanjournals.org/index.php/AJAC/article/view/4
A new beef: An analysis of discourse coalitions in the nascent cellular agriculture policy subsystem
Abstract: A robust approach to examining the nature and influence of coalitions in the policy process is the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), which is especially useful to study policy issues fraught with scientific and technical controversy. Yet, important gaps exist in ACF literature regarding nascent policy subsystems. Consequently, there is scant knowledge about early coalition development and subsystem dynamics. One valuable way to address this shortcoming is via the study of discourse coalitions, or groups of actors who are linked through shared public positions on policy debates. An interesting case in which to study these dynamics is developing around an emerging food production technique called cellular agriculture that has gained attention as a promising alternative to animal-derived meat production, potentially requiring significantly fewer resources. There are several challenges that must be overcome to realize the potential of cellular agriculture, and doing so will require designing policies that consider diverse actors with varied interests. The objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to gain initial insight into the characteristics of discourse coalitions in nascent policy subsystems; (2) to enhance the formalized procedure for measuring discourse coalitions developed by Muller (2015), who provided standardized criteria for performing qualitative analysis of such groups; and (3) to demonstrate the value of studying discourse coalitions in nascent policy subsystems as they are understood within ACF scholarship. Our findings reveal three key characteristics of discourse coalitions in this subsystem that may warrant further investigation in other nascent subsystems.
Nadeau, N., & Berardo, R. (2025). A new beef: An analysis of discourse coalitions in the nascent cellular agriculture policy subsystem. Review of Policy Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.70018
Consumer alternative protein choice in climate change: Temporal landmarks, self-transcendence, and mindset abstraction
Abstract: This study explores consumer preferences for alternative proteins within the context of pro-environmental choices. The primary objective is to identify and analyze the factors influencing consumers’ choices between alternative and traditional proteins, as well as the moderating conditions that shape these preferences. To achieve this, three sequential studies were conducted to examine the differential effects of temporal landmarks, self-transcendence, and mindset abstraction on protein choice. A randomized mixed experimental design was employed, incorporating both between-subjects and within-subjects components. Findings indicate that consumers exhibit a higher propensity to select alternative proteins during morning hours. Moreover, self-transcendence was found to mediate the relationship between temporal landmarks and protein choices, while mindset abstraction moderated this association. This research uniquely integrates temporal psychology, self-transcendence, and construal level theory to explain dynamic sustainable protein choices under climate change. It introduces morning contexts as novel antecedents of self-transcendence, demonstrating that self-transcendence mediates the impact of temporal landmarks on alternative protein preferences, with this relationship being moderated by mindset abstraction. The theoretical contribution lies in linking micro-level temporal cues to macro-level environmental values, providing a unified framework to address the “when” (time), “why” (self-transcendence), and “for whom” (abstract thinkers) of sustainable choices. Also, this research extends existing knowledge of dynamic sustainable consumption patterns. Practical implications include actionable strategies for policymakers and marketers to design time-sensitive interventions, such as morning-targeted campaigns. These initiatives leverage self-transcendent mindsets and abstract thinking to systematically promote sustainable protein adoption, thereby advancing climate change mitigation efforts.
Zhang, Y., Nguyen, M., & Bu, Y. (2025). Consumer alternative protein choice in climate change: Temporal landmarks, self-transcendence, and mindset abstraction. Appetite, 210, 107974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.107974
Cultured meat and community knowledge in Iraq
Abstract: This study assessed the understanding and acceptability of cultured meat among knowledgeable consumers and the public. A survey was conducted with 204 food scientists and 386 public participants to examine whether awareness of meat and food production influences cultured meat adoption. Most respondents were female (53%), meat eaters (78%), and preferred red meat (55%). Most were uncertain about the healthiness (54%) and long-term effects (71%) of cultured meat, with 82% believing it is less healthy than regular meat and 92% perceiving it as unnatural. Concerns included its impact on meat quality (71%), safety (87%), environmental effects (35%), and carbon footprint (70%). Additionally, 71% disagreed that it would improve animal welfare. Many felt scientific evidence on its safety is lacking (70%) and that it may be harmful to human health (68%). Media bias was also a concern, with 42% noting skewed portrayals and 86% believing benefits are overstated. A majority (64%) feared a rapid transition could be risky, and 91% doubted it would replace conventional beef. These findings highlight the need for further research and public engagement to address uncertainties and ensure informed participation in the future of food production.
Khaleefah, L. S., Alasady, H. A., & Shawkat, S. M. (2025). Cultured meat and community knowledge in Iraq. Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society, 13(1). Retrieved from https://thefutureoffoodjournal.com/manuscript/index.php/FOFJ/article/view/763
Exploring alternative proteins: psychological drivers behind consumer engagement
Abstract:
Purpose
This study examines the psychological drivers influencing the intention to engage alternative proteins as potential substitutes for meat, utilising an extended framework of the norm activation model. Our framework incorporates awareness of meat consumption impacts, personal responsibility, involvement in sustainable and healthy eating and involvement in animal welfare. These factors shape personal norms, which ultimately influence the intention to try new protein sources. The study also considers neophobia (both food neophobia and food technology neophobia) as a determinant of intention. Additionally, it analyses sociodemographic factors associated with previous experience of alternative protein consumption, providing a comprehensive understanding of consumer behaviour.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from a representative sample of 500 Italian consumers through a structured questionnaire. The study employed a structural equation model to analyse the intention to engage seitan-based proteins, insect-based proteins and cultured meat. Constructs measured included awareness of impacts, personal responsibility, involvement in healthy eating, involvement in sustainable eating, involvement in animal welfare, food neophobia and food technology neophobia. Additionally, individual scores for the intention to engage with each protein type were calculated, followed by a seemingly unrelated regression analysis (SUR). This model incorporated sociodemographic factors and previous experiences (such as tasting history, frequency of consumption and opinion) as independent variables.
Findings
The findings reveal that involvement in sustainable eating and awareness of meat consumption impacts on environmental sustainability are significant predictors of personal norms, which in turn influence the intention to engage alternative proteins. Conversely, health and animal welfare considerations are closely linked to personal responsibility, shaping personal norms that guide engagement intentions. Furthermore, food neophobia and food technology neophobia were found to significantly reduce the intention to consume insect-based foods and cultured meats. SUR analysis also indicates that sociodemographic traits and previous experience are effective predictors of alternative protein consumption frequency.
Originality/value
This study applies an extended version of the norm activation model to explore the engagement of alternative proteins, offering new insights into the psychological drivers behind consumer behaviour in the context of health, environmental sustainability and animal welfare. By integrating these factors with awareness and personal responsibility, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of how personal norms shape intentions to engage alternative proteins. The findings contribute to the literature by highlighting the roles of these factors and offering practical implications for promoting sustainable and ethical food consumption.
Fantechi, T., Marinelli, N., Casini, L., & Contini, C. (2025). Exploring alternative proteins: psychological drivers behind consumer engagement. British Food Journal. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/bfj-10-2024-1066/full/html
Plant-Based Meat consumption value: Vegetarian and non-vegetarian
Abstract:
Purpose
While the theory of consumption values (TCV) has explained various aspects of consumer choice, its application to plant-based meat is limited. This study addresses this gap by using TCV to understand plant-based meat purchase intentions, comparing and contrasting vegetarians and non-vegetarians.
Design/methodology/approach
Using mixed methods, the authors developed a questionnaire from focus groups (n = 16) and surveyed 402 participants (200 non-vegetarians, 202 vegetarians). Structural equation modelling and multigroup analysis explored group differences. Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) augmented the analysis by evaluating latent variable scores.
Findings
Functional values (health, utilitarian and guilt avoidance), social value, emotional value (overall emotional feeling) and conditional value impact the purchase intention of plant-based meat for both vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups. MGA analysis revealed that the relationship between conditional value and purchase intention was significantly stronger in the non-vegetarian group compared to the vegetarian group; and the relationship between functional value and purchase intention was stronger in the vegetarian group than in the non-vegetarian group.
Originality/value
It extends the relatively scant literature on plant-based meat and TCV by addressing consumption values from both vegetarian and non-vegetarian perspectives. The study utilizes data from Malaysia, a growing but under-researched market for plant-based meat. Finally, this work models a conceptual framework of plant-based meat and TCV for both vegetarian and non-vegetarian consumers.
Contribution
The findings of this research provide a framework explaining plant-based meat consumption by both vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Because vegetarians and non-vegetarians have different consumption values, marketers can leverage these differences to promote plant-based meat. For vegetarians preparing food for non-vegetarians, marketing should emphasize guilt avoidance associated with meat consumption. For broader adoption, promoting the availability of plant-based meat in food and beverage sectors, highlighting its convenience (easy recipes and preparation), and emphasizing its role in a transition towards reduced meat consumption can be effective. This transition, in turn, can contribute to reducing the harmful impact on the environment and ecosystem.
Seong, L. C., Chin, W. S., & May, Y. C. (2025). Plant-Based Meat consumption value: Vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Appetite, 108015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.108015
The roles of psychological distance and digital blockchain technology in mitigating consumer reluctance toward alternative proteins
The global food system faces the challenge of meeting rising protein demands sustainably amid ecological constraints. Alternative proteins offer a promising solution, but their adoption is hindered by consumer concerns, such as eeriness and food neophobia. This study examines how psychological distance, based on Construal Level Theory, and blockchain technology influence consumer perceptions and willingness to pay (WTP) for novel alternative proteins. Three online experiments with U.S. participants revealed key findings: Study 1 showed that novel alternative proteins evoke greater eeriness and lower WTP compared to traditional proteins. Study 2 demonstrated that reducing the psychological distance to climate change alleviates these negative perceptions, narrowing the gap in eeriness and WTP between novel alternative proteins and traditional proteins. Study 3 found that integrating a blockchain-based display of the production process further reduces eeriness and boosts WTP for novel alternative proteins, particularly when psychological distance is closer. These results underscore the importance of psychological distance and blockchain in overcoming consumer resistance and promoting the adoption of sustainable proteins. Theoretically, this research integrates psychological distance and blockchain into the marketing framework for novel alternative proteins, providing new insights into consumer behavior. It also offers actionable strategies for marketers to increase consumer acceptance and facilitate the transition to sustainable protein sources, including aligning these products with prevailing dietary cultures to foster familiarity and encourage everyday consumption.
Yuan, Y., Nguyen, M., Zhang, Y., & Cheah, I. (2025). The roles of psychological distance and digital blockchain technology in mitigating consumer reluctance toward alternative proteins. Appetite, 108008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.108008
Will Australians eat alternative proteins?
Abstract:
Australia, which has one of the world’s highest per capita meat consumption rates, is hesitant toward adopting alternative proteins. This study examines consumer perceptions of protein alternatives and their perceived safety, nutritional value, health risks, cost and willingness to incorporate them into their diets. Using a mixed-methods approach, a survey of 520 Australians aged 18 to 64 revealed that while alternative proteins are viewed as occasional dietary options, younger consumers—despite their tendency to favour traditional food choices—show interest in plant-based milk and algae-based products. However, across all generations, interest in regular consumption of plant-based meats, insects and cultured meat remains low. These findings highlight evolving attitudes, challenges to market growth, and the importance of fostering greater consumer trust to encourage wider adoption of alternative proteins. Addressing generational differences in adoption and resistance will be essential for expanding market penetration.
Bogueva, D., & Marinova, D. (2025). Will Australians eat alternative proteins? Foods, 14(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091526
Animal product consumption
An alternative to moral vegetarianism for meat-eaters
Abstract: In this paper, I shall argue for Moral Cannibalism, namely the view that cannibalism is morally mandatory, at least for some meat-eaters animals, given some acceptable assumptions about justice and moral duty. Such an incredible claim will be preceded by a short exposition of the rationale for Moral Vegetarianism and for its adversary position Moral Omnivorism (§1), then I will briefly present Moral Cannibalism (§2), and finally I will discuss two arguments for it, a positive one (§3) and a negative one (§4): on the one hand, justice between animal species might imply that it is morally better for some carnivorous species to eat the members of their own species rather than members of other species; on the other hand, the moral wrongness of cannibalism lacks a satisfactory ground.
Marion, F., & The Society for Philosophy in the Contemporary World. (2025). An alternative to moral vegetarianism for meat-eaters. Philosophy in the Contemporary World, 31(1), 68–89. https://doi.org/10.5840/pcw20253117
Meat consumption among different social groups and specific options for reducing it: a literature review of empirical research
Abstract: The overconsumption of meat, and the connected overproduction of meat, contribute significantly to climate change, deforestation, biodiversity loss, and public health risks. There is a need to reduce global meat consumption. On average, high- and middle-income countries have the highest levels of meat consumption. However, within individual societies, social groups and classes differ in their food habits and ability to engage in sustainable nutritional habits. This literature review provides information on how socio-economic characteristics, social status, norms, and structural context shape meat consumption, and what interventions can effectively reduce specific social groups’ meat consumption. Empirical studies published between 2019 and 2024 were researched and screened, adopting the PRISMA approach. The findings highlight critical variations in meat consumption by gender, age, social status, social norms, and context effects. Effective interventions include tailored approaches such as price incentives, normative messaging, and increasing the accessibility of plant-based options. The discussion underscores the importance of policymakers and stakeholders applying targeted and status-sensitive strategies to support sustainable dietary shifts and to address social inequalities.
Wiesli, T. X. (2025). Meat consumption among different social groups and specific options for reducing it: a literature review of empirical research. Frontiers in Sociology, 10, 1547663. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1547663
Animal welfare
Animal welfare: Part of the solution, not part of the problem in the move toward achieving sustainable development in animal agriculture
Abstract:
Implications
- How farm animals live their lives affects our lives. Animal welfare and sustainable development are inextricably linked.
- The lack of a systematic approach to assess the relationship between animal welfare and the Sustainable Development Goals has led to a focus on conflicts rather than synergies.
- A toolbox of animal welfare indicators exists, is continually expanding, and can be used in combination with other (e.g. environmental and sustainability) indicators.
- Scientists have an important role in identifying fruitful areas of research and ensuring valid and reliable monitoring of progress.
Keeling, L. J. (2025). Animal welfare: Part of the solution, not part of the problem in the move toward achieving sustainable development in animal agriculture. Animal Frontiers (Online), 15(2), 8–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfaf009
Animal welfare information frames US public perceptions of precision technology use on dairy farms
Abstract:
With increased interest in precision livestock farming (PLF) by dairy producers, a clearer understanding of public perceptions is needed to ensure that use of these technologies is socially sustainable. This study sought to (1) characterize public perceptions toward precision dairy technologies (PDT), trust in farmers using PDT, and likelihood to purchase (LTP) dairy produced with PDT; (2) describe how these perceptions may be influenced by information framing about the potential effects of PDT use; and (3) evaluate the influence of demographic characteristics of the participant sample. In an online survey distributed to US residents (n = 2,365), participants randomly received 1 of 8 vignettes, each containing either positively or negatively valenced information about hypothetical PDT effects on human-animal relationship, data transparency, and animal welfare. Perceptions toward PDT were assessed with Likert item questions before and after vignette exposure and through representational thematic text analysis of open-ended responses (n = 80 randomly selected) justifying the Likert responses. Linear models were selected using backward selection to assess significant predictors of baseline and shifts in perceptions toward PDT, farmer trust, and LTP. Baseline perceptions toward PDT, trust, and LTP were generally positive, with more positive perceptions associated with higher incomes, rural backgrounds, and dairy consumers more knowledgeable about production; in contrast, baseline perceptions were more negative among participants with higher levels of concern toward animals. Across the sample, participants experienced slight negative shifts in PDT perceptions after vignette exposure, with those who indicated a voting preference for the Democratic party (e.g., politically liberal) and who had more positive attitudes about animal protection more vulnerable to negative perception shifts. Generally, information about data transparency did not shift perceptions of PDT in either direction. However, the valence of animal welfare information strongly predicted the direction of perception shifts, such that negative information was particularly influential in generating worsened perceptions of PDT, even if participants received positive information about other attributes. Similarly, the perceived effect of PDT on cows was the most frequently raised theme in the qualitative responses, though participants also focused on ethical acceptability of the technology itself and how it might affect farmers. We suggest that for the dairy industry to maintain its social license to operate, it will benefit from more closely engaging with public concerns regarding potential effects of PDT on animal welfare and the relationship between farmers and animals.
Kelly, B. L., Proudfoot, K. L., Da Silva, T. E., Costa, J. H. C., & Ventura, B. A. (2025). Animal welfare information frames US public perceptions of precision technology use on dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science, 108(6), 6327–6339. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2024-25603
Attitudes of Chinese aquaculture stakeholders towards live transport and farmed fish welfare, with a focus on the Hunan region
Abstract: In China, the world’s largest fish producer, fish are generally transported live from farms to points of sale or processing. However, there is little published literature on live fish transport in China or aquaculture stakeholder attitudes towards fish welfare. This study investigated transport practices within the Chinese freshwater fish industry and opinions around fish welfare among aquaculture stakeholders. Online and face-to-face surveys were conducted with 252 participants from 18 provinces across China, with more than half from Hunan Province. Participants represented the fish production, sales, government, and research sectors. Responses indicated that over 75% of freshwater fish are transported live, generally in compartmented tanks with water-holding systems on purpose-built trucks. Destinations were primarily wholesale markets with journey durations ranging from less than one hour, up to eight hours. Dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and staff experience were reported as the most important factors affecting fish welfare during transport. While over 60% of participants were unaware of the specific term “animal welfare”, three-quarters recognised a link between fish welfare and product quality. A similar proportion acknowledged that fish are sentient, with respondents educated at the tertiary level having greater awareness of, and concern for, fish welfare. As the concept of animal welfare is emerging among aquaculture stakeholders, these findings provide valuable insights into transport practices and opportunities for improving both animal welfare and product quality. The results also contribute to a better understanding of the potential welfare risks to fish during transport in China, especially among Chinese fish welfare researchers.
Yang, Y., Phillips, C., Narayan, E., Shao, Q., & Descovich, K. (2025). Attitudes of Chinese aquaculture stakeholders towards live transport and farmed fish welfare, with a focus on the Hunan region. Aquaculture International, 33(4), 300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-025-01975-0
Balancing biodiversity and welfare to support wild animals
Abstract: Both wildlife conservation and wild animal welfare are scientific fields that revolve around the study of wild animals and the things that impact them. While there are opportunities for these two fields to work together, there are crucial differences in their value systems, research questions, and goals.
Ray, S. (2025) Balancing biodiversity and welfare to support wild animals. Faunalytics. https://faunalytics.org/balancing-biodiversity-and-welfare-to-support-wild-animals/
Farmers’ attitudes toward animal welfare
Abstract:
Implications
Farmers recognize the emotional and natural living aspects of animals as important but tend to prioritize productivity and biological functioning, especially health, when making practical decisions affecting farm animal welfare.
Many contextual factors shape farmers’ attitudes to animal welfare, including production systems, herd size, culture, animal species, and demographic variables like nationality, age, and gender. Understanding how demographic, regional, cultural, and economic contexts influence farmers’ knowledge, practices, and attitudes to animal welfare is essential for developing effective and locally relevant animal welfare policies and practices.
National legislations and certification programs are essential in driving positive changes in animal welfare practices. Farmers’ attitudes toward these schemes impact their motivation to adopt them. Economic factors are a major driver of participation in welfare certification programs. Programs that engage farmers in the audit process and are perceived as beneficial for both animals and farmers increase participation. Financial incentives, market demands and opportunities, and perceived economic benefits from improved welfare practices further influence farmers’ willingness to adopt these practices.
Farmers’ attitudes toward animal welfare are negatively influenced by their perception that consumers do not sufficiently recognize their efforts or are unwilling to pay for higher welfare standards. This can undermine farmers’ motivation to change practices to improve animal welfare.
There is growing recognition that farmers’ occupational and mental wellbeing and job satisfaction are positively linked to farm animal welfare. Addressing these issues is important for improving animal welfare outcomes.
Hötzel, M. J., Nogueira, L. B., Hargreaves-Méndez, M. J., & Stadnick, E. C. P. (2025). Farmers’ attitudes toward animal welfare. Animal Frontiers (Online), 15(2), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfae049
Is “animal welfare” a foreign notion to China?
Abstract: While Chinese culture has long emphasized “Tian ren he yi” (the oneness of nature and humanity), promoting animal welfare in China remains a challenge. This article suggests that the widespread view of “animal welfare” as an inherently foreign concept plays a significant role in this difficulty, as it implies that Western notions of animal welfare are irrelevant to Chinese society and thus may not warrant serious consideration. We argue that although the term “animal welfare” originated in the West, its underlying principle—compassion for animals—is closely aligned with traditional Chinese philosophy. Concern for animal welfare has deep roots in Chinese culture, as reflected in the teachings of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, as well as in historical practices. Unfortunately, this cultural tradition has been overshadowed by a modernization drive that has adopted a dismissive attitude toward tradition and an imperialistic attitude toward nature, often equating modernization with Westernization. To truly advance animal welfare in China, it is essential to revive traditional Chinese values, particularly the notion of harmony between humans and nature, which could serve as a solid theoretical foundation for the animal welfare movement.
Wang, J., Chu, Q., & Liu, L. (2025). Is “animal welfare” a foreign notion to China? The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 84(4), 605–611. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12634
Machine Learning in commercial poultry farming: comparing standard and oriented bounding boxes in YOLOv11 for broiler detection
Abstract: -This study explores a practical application of Machine Learning (ML) for commercial poultry farming in the Philippines, addressing key challenges such as accurate stock density estimation and computational cost. While AI has demonstrated significant potential in livestock management, its adoption remains limited due to real-world farm constraints. By focusing on field conditions, this research aims to bridge the gap between advanced AI models and practical poultry farming needs. Specifically, this study evaluates how two AI models, YOLOv11 and YOLOv11-OBB, can be utilized in poultry farming. YOLO-based models have the potential to analyze broiler activities, assess poultry conditions, and explore additional ML applications in poultry monitoring. A key comparison is made between standard axis-aligned bounding boxes (AABB), which perform well in simple conditions, and oriented bounding boxes (OBB), which are better suited for high-density environments where birds may overlap or tilt. The goal is to determine which method offers greater accuracy, reliability, and adaptability in real-world farm operations. By prioritizing ease of use, real-time monitoring, and integration with farm management, this study aims to develop scalable, cost-effective AI solutions that enhance – not replace – farmworkers’ efforts. The findings will contribute to the advancement of AI-powered poultry farming, improving broiler welfare, farm productivity, and decision-making in commercial operations.
Salomon, A. R. (2025). Machine Learning in commercial poultry farming: comparing standard and oriented bounding boxes in YOLOv11 for broiler detection. agriRxiv.
Rethinking poultry welfare—Integrating behavioral science and digital innovations for enhanced animal well-being
Abstract: The relentless drive to meet global demand for poultry products has pushed for rapid intensification in chicken farming, dramatically boosting efficiency and yield. Yet, these gains have exposed a host of complex welfare challenges that have prompted scientific scrutiny and ethical reflection. In this review, I critically evaluate recent innovations aimed at mitigating such concerns by drawing on advances in behavioral science and digital monitoring and insights into biological adaptations. Specifically, I focus on four interconnected themes: First, I spotlight the complexity of avian sensory perception—encompassing vision, auditory capabilities, olfaction, and tactile faculties—to underscore how lighting design, housing configurations, and enrichment strategies can better align with birds’ unique sensory worlds. Second, I explore novel tools for gauging emotional states and cognition, ranging from cognitive bias tests to developing protocols for identifying pain or distress based on facial cues. Third, I examine the transformative potential of computer vision, bioacoustics, and sensor-based technologies for the continuous, automated tracking of behavior and physiological indicators in commercial flocks. Fourth, I assess how data-driven management platforms, underpinned by precision livestock farming, can deploy real-time insights to optimize welfare on a broad scale. Recognizing that climate change and evolving production environments intensify these challenges, I also investigate how breeds resilient to extreme conditions might open new avenues for welfare-centered genetic and management approaches. While the adoption of cutting-edge techniques has shown promise, significant hurdles persist regarding validation, standardization, and commercial acceptance. I conclude that truly sustainable progress hinges on an interdisciplinary convergence of ethology, neuroscience, engineering, data analytics, and evolutionary biology—an integrative path that not only refines welfare assessment but also reimagines poultry production in ethically and scientifically robust ways.
Neethirajan, S. (2025). Rethinking poultry welfare—Integrating behavioral science and digital innovations for enhanced animal well-being. Poultry, 4(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/poultry4020020
Jerlström, J., Lind, A.-K., Lindahl, C., Berg, C., & Wallenbeck, A. (2025). Traumatic injuries detected at slaughter in cattle: impact of production system and season on animal welfare and meat condemnation in Sweden. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 67(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-025-00804-x
Climate change and sustainability
Exploring the sustainability narratives of cultured meat
Abstract: As global demand for meat rises, growth in the livestock industry is increasingly associated with concerns about the environment, human health, and animal welfare. Cultured meat (CM) emerges as a potential solution, promising to meet this demand efficiently, ethically, and in an environmentally friendly way. However, questions remain about the realizability of its proposed potential benefits. This article critically contributes to the discourse around CM by characterizing promissory and counter-narratives on its economic, environmental, and social sustainability, and by synthesizing these to lay out a future direction for this innovation. A systematic literature review was conducted on scientific articles published between 2015 and 2023 discussing CM’s sustainability. The promissory narratives emphasize that CM can create new market opportunities, generate jobs with better working conditions, reduce the environmental impact of meat production, improve production ethics, enhance global food security, and mitigate health risks associated with meat production and consumption. In contrast, the counter-narratives point out potential risks, including livelihood disruption, increased economic inequality, consolidation of the meat industry, loss of livestock ecosystem services and cultural traditions, and ethical objections. We build on these narratives to identify underconsidered implications of widespread CM production to distill current research trends and propose foci for future research. The research directions can help anticipate drawbacks and work toward sustainability before CM hits the supermarket shelves.
Floor, H., & Manlosa-Kirk, A. O. (2025). Exploring the sustainability narratives of cultured meat. Sustainability Science, 20(6), 2281–2296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-025-01677-9
Three perspectives to integrate animal interests into the global Sustainable Development Agenda
Abstract: Including animal interests in sustainable development policies and practices is gaining attention as a strategy to address key sustainability challenges. However, practical frameworks and guidance for achieving this integration remain scarce. This paper analyses how animal interests can be effectively incorporated into the global Sustainable Development Agenda by leveraging a variety of moral perspectives. It explores the challenges and opportunities of reconciling anthropocentric, sentientistic, and ecocentric viewpoints and advocates for a holistic approach that acknowledges the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental well-being. Despite inherent conflicts and limitations, the study argues that meaningful integration requires dialogue, compromise, and policy solutions that balance moral considerations with practical feasibility. By assessing the strengths, limitations, and synergies of these perspectives, this paper offers a theoretical foundation to inform policy development and guide future research on integrating animal interests into sustainability frameworks.
Herdoiza, N., Worrell, E., & van den Berg, F. (2025). Three perspectives to integrate animal interests into the global Sustainable Development Agenda. Sustainability Science, 20(5), 1965–1978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-025-01679-7
Dietary change interventions
A framework for a comprehensive animal welfare label: scientific, logistic, and ethical challenges
Abstract:
Implications
Changes in societal expectations should drive a new framework for animal welfare labeling.
The proposed labeling framework promotes high potential and actual animal welfare by combining resource and animal-based approaches.
Correct uptake of this framework should effectively improve the quality of life of farmed animals.
Tuyttens, F. A. M., Lawrence, A. B., & Mullan, S. (2025). A framework for a comprehensive animal welfare label: scientific, logistic, and ethical challenges. Animal Frontiers (Online), 15(2), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfaf003
Climate change menu labels in a university cafeteria: effects on student’s diets, perceptions, and attitudes
Abstract: Climate change is an urgent public health threat that requires robust and multi-sector action, including strategies to shift food choices toward more sustainable options. Climate change menu labels in university settings have the potential to shift food choices over the short- and long-term. In this pre-post-intervention study, we implemented traffic-light style climate impact menu labels communicating the greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) of foods in two university dining halls at a private university in Maryland, USA. We compared student dietary intake, perceptions, and university dining procurement pre- and post-intervention. Compared to a baseline period with a matching 4-week menu cycle, we found no significant changes students’ overall dietary quality, and few differences in students’ frequency of consuming key food groups. One in three students (33 %) in the sample (n = 186) noticed the climate change labels on the menus, and nearly half of surveyed students (48 %) said they would like the labels to continue to be displayed in dining halls. The majority of students reported that the labels did not influence their food choices at the dining hall (56 %) or elsewhere (67 %). More than 60 % of students believed a healthy diet includes meat, and ∼40 % believed that meatless meals are not filling. Climate labels are an important strategy for universities to consider to increase student awareness of climate impacts of their food choices, but other strategies, such as shifts in the types of meals offered on the menu, may also be needed to reduce GHGE of university dining programs.
Wolfson, J. A., Altema-Johnson, D., Yett, A., Ali, E., Kim, B., Carr, N., Santo, R., Cho, C., Browning, G., & Ramsing, R. (2025). Climate change menu labels in a university cafeteria: effects on student’s diets, perceptions, and attitudes. Appetite, 211, 108001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.108001
Does likeability of vegan foods depend on familiarity with veganism?
Abstract: Shifting toward plant-based diets is a powerful strategy for mitigating climate change, improving public health, and reducing the ethical and environmental costs of animal agriculture (Clark & Tilman, 2017; Poore & Nemecek, 2018; Venter de Villiers, Cheng, & Truter, 2024). However, consumer adoption remains limited, partly due to psychological barriers related to how plant-based foods are framed (Papies et al., 2024; Stremmel et al., 2022). Labeling foods as “vegan” can activate negative stereotypes or reduce taste expectations—especially among those unfamiliar with veganism (Graça, Oliveira, & Calheiros, 2019; Sexton, 2022; Michel et al., 2021; Vainio, Irz, & Hartikainen, 2022).This study examined whether vegan labeling reduces perceived likeability and whether this effect depends on familiarity with veganism. A total of 186 participants rated five food items labeled either neutrally or as vegan. Familiarity was assessed via a validated multi-item scale. Among low-familiarity participants, vegan-labeled foods were rated significantly less likeable than neutrally labeled items. Among high-familiarity participants, this effect was not observed.These results are aligned with research suggesting that repeated exposure, identity alignment, and hedonic framing enhance openness to plant-based foods (Turnwald et al., 2019; De Groeve & Bleys, 2021; Sogari et al., 2021). Tailoring communication by familiarity level may also improve message effectiveness (Schäufele & Janssen, 2021; Bryan, Tipton, & Yeager, 2021). As dietary change remains one of the most effective climate actions (Wynes & Nicholas, 2017; Tobler, Visschers, & Siegrist, 2020), refining food labeling could support more sustainable choices.
Cohen, I., Cohen, C., Caspi, D., & Eshed, I. (2025). Does likeability of vegan foods depend on familiarity with veganism? https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5228247
Go with the flow: How changing the default can drive consumer choice for climate friendly menu options
Abstract: Restaurant customers typically select from pre-set menu options, as requesting alternatives requires additional cognitive and emotional effort. ‘Going with the flow’ is easier and often sufficient to meet perceived consumption goals (e.g., having a nice meal in a restaurant). This paper shows how restaurants can change the default option as a strategy to nudge customers toward more climate friendly choices. Specifically, we demonstrate, in a buffet restaurant field context, that setting a vegetarian option as the default (requiring customers to request the meat option) more than doubles the sales of the vegetarian option relative to the meat default condition. While these results build on previous research in a novel context, we also provide new insights into the default nudge, revealing a potential drawback of its effect. We find that changing the default can also divert customers from the focal product category and cause a significant decrease, 30.1 %, in overall sales at those buffet stations. However, customer satisfaction levels remain consistent across both conditions, suggesting that the drop in sales is not due to dissatisfaction with the vegetarian default but rather reflects the ease of choosing alternatives at other buffet stations. These findings offer a more nuanced perspective that, while changing the default can effectively encourage more climate friendly menu choices, it should be carefully designed to prevent potential business losses.
de Visser Amundson, A., de Vos, J., & Gallicano, R. (2025). Go with the flow: How changing the default can drive consumer choice for climate friendly menu options. Food Quality and Preference, 130, 105546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2025.105546
Meat-free day reduces greenhouse gas emissions but poses challenges for customer retention and adherence to dietary guidelines
Abstract: Reducing meat consumption is crucial for achieving global environmental and nutritional targets. Meat-Free Day (MFD) is a widely adopted strategy to address this challenge by encouraging plant-based diets through the removal of animal-based meals. We assessed the environmental, behavioral, and nutritional impacts of MFD by implementing 67 MFDs over 18 months (once a week on a randomly chosen day) across 12 cafeterias on a large university campus, analyzing over 400,000 food purchases. MFD reduced on-campus food-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on treated days by 52.9% and contributed to improved fiber (+26.9%) and cholesterol (-4.5%) consumption without altering caloric intake. These nutritional benefits were, however, accompanied by a 27.6% decrease in protein intake and a 34.2% increase in sugar consumption. Moreover, the increase in plant-based meals did not carry over to subsequent days, as evidenced by a 3.5% rebound in animal-based meal consumption on days immediately following treated days. MFD also led to a 16.8% drop in on-campus meal sales on treated this http URL Carlo simulations suggest that if 8.7% of diners were to eat burgers off-campus on treated days, MFD’s GHG savings would be fully negated. As our analysis identifies on-campus customer retention as the main challenge to MFD effectiveness, we recommend combining MFD with customer retention interventions to ensure environmental and nutritional benefits.
Russo, G., Gligorić, K., Moreau, V., & West, R. (2025). Meat-free day reduces greenhouse gas emissions but poses challenges for customer retention and adherence to dietary guidelines. ArXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2504.02899
Polish consumers’ attachment to meat: Food and plant-based meat alternative choices
Abstract: Background/Objectives: Poland has remained one of the leaders in meat consumption in Europe for years. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Polish consumers’ meat attachment and willingness to change their consumption habits to plant-based foods and meat, using self-assessment, including attitudes toward health, naturalness of food, product novelty, and willingness to seek information about these products. In addition, the relationship between the meat attachment of the surveyed individuals consuming plant-based meat alternatives and their attitudes towards these products was assessed. Methods: A representative survey with 1003 respondents was conducted using the CAWI (computer-assisted web interview) method. Four consumer clusters were identified using the k-means method: Meat lovers, Meat neutral, Meat attached, and Meat opponents. Results: The Meat lovers cluster was characterized by dominant values for entitlement and hedonism and the least willingness to consume plant-based products in the coming year. It was represented by those who care about their health and like product novelty while lacking familiarity with and willingness to try plant-based meat alternatives. The Meat opponents cluster was distinguished by having the highest readiness for eating plant-based products. These individuals valued the naturalness of food, disliked buying new food products, and were familiar with plant-based meat alternatives but consumed them occasionally. Furthermore, cluster membership differed after considering gender, education level, and place of residence. Conclusions: The findings indicate the need for educational and marketing activities to raise awareness of the health and environmental benefits resulting from reducing meat consumption to decrease meat attachment.
Kosicka-Gębska, M., Jeżewska-Zychowicz, M., Sajdakowska, M., Gębski, J., & Gutkowska, K. (2025). Polish consumers’ attachment to meat: Food and plant-based meat alternative choices. Nutrients, 17(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17081332
The eyes eat first: Improving consumer acceptance of plant-based meat alternatives by adjusting front-of-pack labeling
Abstract: The substitution of meat products with plant-based meat (PBM) alternatives is seen to foster sustainable consumption. It can play an important role in helping reach greenhouse gas emission targets. While consumers generally perceive PBM alternatives as more environmentally friendly and healthier than meat, they often find them less hedonically appealing and too expensive, which hinders their widespread adoption. One effective strategy to encourage consumers toward more sustainable choices is the use of front-of-pack information, such as claims and labels. This study identifies the most effective labeling strategy to increase consumers’ preference for PBM burger patties through a three-fold research approach, namely, a supermarket audit in the UK, a best-worst scaling study (i.e., Maximum Difference Scaling), and a discrete choice experiment (i.e., choice-based conjoint analysis). In the UK market, front-of-pack labels and claims presented on PBM products can be categorized into those primarily related to nutrition, ecological welfare, and taste. These categories correspond to three distinct consumer segments extracted from a best-worst scaling study. A subsequent discrete choice experiment, which compared labeled PBM patties vis-à-vis meat patties, revealed that a third-party accredited taste label has the potential to gain the highest market share and willingness-to-pay among all types of labels/claims. Our findings underscore the importance of adopting an appropriate labeling strategy to foster sustainable food consumption.
Naughton, P., Schramm, J. B., & Lichters, M. (2025). The eyes eat first: Improving consumer acceptance of plant-based meat alternatives by adjusting front-of-pack labeling. Food Quality and Preference, 131, 105567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2025.105567
Together towards sustainable dining – cocreating behavioral change interventions with restaurants
Abstract: Behavioral change interventions in restaurants towards sustainable food choices are a promising avenue towards attaining climate goals. In this research, we investigated how these interventions can successfully be implemented in a restaurant context to promote sustainable food choices. In a multiple-year co-creation project with 32 restaurants and consultant chefs, we provided knowledge on sustainable meal preparation and on using behavioral interventions, collaborated to design suitable interventions for the individual restaurants, and tested these interventions in a mixed methods approach. We provided support from researchers and consultant chefs throughout this process. The four restaurants that ultimately implemented an intervention were all successful in increasing uptake of their sustainable menu options. While participants’ overall support and enthusiasm for knowledge of sustainability interventions was high, especially towards more sustainable meal preparation, many restaurants dropped out of the project. Despite using a time- and resource-intensive approach, it remained difficult to overcome both psychological barriers (no perceived responsibility and the sense of already “doing enough”) as well as practical hurdles (fear of customers’ response and lack of time) for restaurants. As implementation of the co-created solutions proved very challenging, future research on interventions promoting sustainable food choices should therefore specifically focus on taking away practical barriers. Possible avenues for doing so are focusing on more sustainable meal preparation, involving customers in cocreation, and a greater focus on the responsibility of the sector in culinary and hospitality education to instill sustainable habits there, which are then more easily practiced when working in the field.
Weijers, R. J., Gillebaart, M., Claessens, I. W. H., van Rixel, Q. I., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2025). Together towards sustainable dining – cocreating behavioral change interventions with restaurants. Appetite, 108009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2025.108009
Using the theory of planned behaviour to understand the adoption of vegetarianism among females in Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
Background: The adoption of vegetarian diets is increasing worldwide, including among females in Saudi Arabia. This increase has not yet been explained. The present study explores the factors influencing the intention to follow a vegetarian diet among Saudi women using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework.
Materials and methods: An online self-administered questionnaire was distributed between July 2023 and January 2024. A total of 998 Saudi females participated, including both vegetarians (n = 417, 41.8%) and non-vegetarians (n = 581, 58.2%), who answered questions relating to their sociodemographic characteristics, awareness and perceived understanding of vegetarian diets, awareness of and adherence to dietary guidelines, dietary habits, and TPB predictors. Multivariable linear regression was used with dietary guideline awareness, body mass index, self-rated perceived weight, socioeconomic status index, and the TPB constructs as predictors to explain the intention to follow a vegetarian diet (outcome).
Results: Attitude (standardized β-coefficient = 0.29, p < 0.001), subjective norms (standardized β-coefficient = 0.10, p < 0.001), and perceived behavioral control (standardized β-coefficient = 0.08, p = 0.03) were significantly and positively associated with the intention to follow a vegetarian diet. However, dietary guideline awareness did not significantly influence the intention (standardized β-coefficient = −0.04, p = 0.1). Socioeconomic status index was negatively correlated with the intention to adopt a vegetarian diet (standardized β-coefficient = −0.073, p = 0.018). Body mass index showed no significant correlation with vegetarian diet intention (standardized β-coefficient = −0.05, p = 0.091).
Conclusion: TPB constructs (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) and socioeconomic status influence the intention to adopt a vegetarian diet, although awareness of dietary guidelines and body mass index do not.
Alkhaldy, A. A. (2025). Using the theory of planned behaviour to understand the adoption of vegetarianism among females in Saudi Arabia. Frontiers in Public Health, 13, 1566712. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1566712
“Waiter, the checkmark please”: Restaurant managers’ and customers’ evaluations of nudges towards sustainable food choices
Abstract: Food choices play a key role in sustainability. Restaurants, given their significant impact on food-related carbon emissions, are a prime focus for nudging interventions targeting sustainable food choice. Before these interventions can be implemented, we need to know more about both restaurant managers’ and customers’ approval of these interventions. In this series of studies, we measured the evaluation of eight different co-created nudge strategies towards sustainable eating to be implemented in a restaurant context in two large, representative samples of restaurant managers (n = 125) and customers (n = 989). We find that overall, both restaurant managers and customers are positive about all proposed nudges. For restaurant managers, only the default was evaluated slightly less positive than the others, while for customers, information indicators (visibility, checkmarks, and icons) were slightly preferred. For restaurant managers, appreciation of nudges was predicted by the degree they saw vegetarianism as an opportunity, while for customers this was predicted by perceived outcome efficacy of restaurants, their own willingness to change, their libertarianism, and their perceived importance of vegetarian food. Furthermore, restaurant managers and customers both clearly evaluated “local” and “vegetarian” food differently. Despite overall positive evaluations, actual implementation was very low, which may relate to restaurant managers being unaware of customers’ positive appraisal. Future research should endeavor to find what practical barriers towards implementation restaurant managers encounter, and how the role of customers can be supportive of the global transition towards sustainable food choices.
Weijers, R. J., Gillebaart, M., & de Ridder, D. T. D. (2025). “Waiter, the checkmark please”: Restaurant managers’ and customers’ evaluations of nudges towards sustainable food choices. Food Quality and Preference, 130, 105530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2025.105530
Human-animal relations
How do we perceive our relations with animals? the predominance of relational nature and physical capacity
Abstract: Despite increasing attention to human–animal relations in psychology, studies identifying the underlying dimensions guiding perceptions of animals are not common. Using multidimensional scaling (PROXCAL) as a novel methodological approach, we explored the empirically derived dimensions that reflect how people organize animal targets based on their relationships with humans. Participants were asked about the similarity with which humans relate to animals, rating 34 animals using Likert scales in study 1 (n = 108) and grouping the same animals in study 2 (n = 112). A 3-dimensional scaling solution fitted the data adequately. Rooted in stereotype content, study 3 aimed to interpret those dimensions using independently rated animal attributes (n = 176). Results showed the relevance of the relational nature – ferocity, wildness, avoidance/approach, warmth, and physical capacity – size and strength, whereas animals’ competence was less important. Adopting a novel methodological approach, the findings indicate the predominance of a relational nature and physical capacity for how people spontaneously organize animals. Implications for conservation and environmental issues are discussed.
Cano, N., Pérez-López, R., & Sevillano, V. (2025). How do we perceive our relations with animals? the predominance of relational nature and physical capacity. Anthrozoös, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2025.2488601
Movement research
Exploring the landscape of animal advocacy in Egypt: Insights into stray, wildlife, and farmed animal right
Abstract: This article examines the landscape of animal advocacy in Egypt, a nascent and growing field in one of Africa’s largest economies and most densely populated countries. It focuses on three types of animal advocacy: 1) stray animal welfare, 2) wildlife conservation, and 3) farmed animal welfare. The paper critically analyses current practices and trends in each of these areas, highlighting the main challenges and opportunities facing the growth of the movement. Our research draws on insights from interviews with active animal welfare organizations, situating their practical experiences, daily operational struggles, as well as instances of success, within Egypt’s wider socio-economic context. The research identifies socio-cultural perceptions, legal, and financial obstacles as the primary challenges to the movement’s growth. Additionally, our research suggests that advocacy for farmed animal welfare represents an underfunded and underexplored area of study in Egypt and north Africa, which stands to benefit from collective efforts to mobilize funds, build awareness, and engage communities, particularly younger communities. We conclude by proposing key recommendations for the sustainable growth of the animal advocacy movement, ensuring it is integrated into both institutional and local social practices. We believe this research fills a critical knowledge gap and has significant potential to inspire further studies from the region.
Moussa, Y., & Emam, W. (2025). Exploring the landscape of animal advocacy in Egypt: Insights into stray, wildlife, and farmed animal rights. WellBeing International. https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/sm_protection_gen/9/
Forecasting Farmed Animal Numbers in 2033
Abstract: We produced rough-and-ready forecasts of the number of animals farmed in 2033 with the aim of helping advocates and funders with prioritization decisions. We focus on the most numerous groups of farmed animals: broiler chickens, finfishes, shrimps, and select insect species.
Our forecasts suggest almost 6 trillion of these animals could be slaughtered in 2033 (Figure 1). Our midpoint estimates point to a potential fourfold increase in the number of animals slaughtered from 2023 to 2033 and a doubling of the number of animals farmed at any time.
Invertebrates drive the majority of this growth, and could account for 95% of farmed animals slaughtered in 2033 (see Figure 1) and three quarters of those alive at any time in our mid-point projections. We believe our forecasts point to an urgent need to address critical questions around the sentience and welfare of farmed invertebrates.
Our estimates come with many caveats and warnings. In particular:
- Species scope: For practicality, we produced numbers only for a few key animal groups: broiler chickens, finfishes, shrimp, and certain insects (black soldier flies and mealworms only).
- Sensitivity to insect farming growth: Our forecasts are particularly sensitive to the growth in insect farming, which is highly sensitive to the success of insect farming business models and their ability to attract future investment.
The recent and forecasted estimates, with 90% subjective credible intervals, can be viewed below in Table 1.
Rethink Priorities, McKay, H., & Shah, S. (2025, April). Forecasting Farmed Animal Numbers in 2033. https://rethinkpriorities.org/research-area/forecasting-farmed-animal-numbers-in-2033/#References
Global animal slaughter statistics & charts
Abstract: In this resource, updated with the latest available data, we aggregate and explore trends in animal slaughter around the world using UN FAO data tracked since 1960.
Orzechowski, K. (2025). Global animal slaughter statistics & charts. Faunalytics. https://faunalytics.org/global-animal-slaughter-statistics-and-charts/
Politics, law, and social change
Animal welfare ballot initiatives and the vote-buy gap
Abstract: We provide empirical evidence to explain the apparent discrepancy between consumption choices and voting outcomes for a recent high-profile animal welfare case: California’s ban of eggs produced with caged hens. The model juxtaposes the private good aspect of buying decisions with the public good aspect of voting, and yields testable propositions for the vote-buy gap. These implications are evaluated in a revealed-preferences setting using a novel combination of voting and egg-purchase data. Results show that the vote-buy gap depends on the egg price differential, and the distribution of consumers’ heterogeneous preference for animal welfare issues.
Vukina, T., Oh, S. E., & Moschini, G. (2025). Animal welfare ballot initiatives and the vote-buy gap. Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, 23(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1515/jafio-2024-0053
Closing the welfare gap: Why the UK must apply its animal protection standards to imports
Abstract:
Currently many products imported into the UK come from countries where practices banned in the UK are still legal, creating a gap that is expected to grow with new trade deals, undermining public values and disadvantaging British farmers.
This report finds:
- Of the UK’s 88 trading partners that can currently, or may soon, export animal products to the UK without tariffs, 84 (95%) have lower animal welfare standards than the UK.
- The UK is effectively outsourcing animal cruelty, with already high numbers of farmed animals suffering overseas for the UK market. This is likely to increase.
- Existing legislation already mandates that imports of meat must align with UK slaughter laws. Extending these requirements to include production methods would ensure consistency and uphold welfare standards
Animal Policy International, Compassion in World Farming, RSPCA. (2025) Closing the welfare gap: Why the UK must apply its animal protection standards to imports. https://www.animalpolicyinternational.org/uk-closing-the-welfare-gap
Effective communication with political staffers: A framework for animal advocates
Abstract: This Faunalytics study identifies best practices for engaging with political staffers to strengthen legislative advocacy efforts to advance animal protection.
Berglund, E. (2025). Effective communication with political staffers: A framework for animal advocates. Faunalytics. https://faunalytics.org/effective-communication-with-political-staffers/
Veg*ns and advocates
What we talk about when we talk about vegetarian diets: Insights into vegetarian practices in China
Abstract: Vegetarian practices in China are deeply embedded in local cultural traditions and are evolving alongside modern dietary trends. This study aims to profile individuals discussing vegetarian diets on social media and identify key characteristics of vegetarian practices from the discourse. Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling, we analyze vegetarian-related discussions on Weibo, supplemented by generational and sentiment analyses. Results show that 72.2 % of participants are female, with post volumes increasing by 18.6 % on the first and fifteenth days of the lunar calendar. The majority of posts exhibit positive sentiment, comprising 73.2 % of the total. Nine key topics are identified: everyday vegetarian experiences, wishes and prayers, ethical vegetarianism, vegetarian restaurant, vegetarian meals and snacks, holistic health vegetarianism, modern nutritional and vegetarianism, vegetarian recipes, and Buddhist vegetarianism. These topics depict Chinese vegetarian practice as an inclusive, depoliticized practice rooted in local cultural traditions, characterized by flexibility and integration into everyday life. Generational analyses show that younger generations (born in the 1990s and 2000s) see vegetarianism mainly as a practical dietary choice and adopt a more relaxed approach toward it, while older generations place greater emphasis on its spiritual and ethical dimensions. This study enhances the understanding of vegetarian practices in non-Western contexts, illustrating how Chinese vegetarian practices blend tradition with modernity, fostering a distinctive, non-confrontational, and accessible pathway to mainstream adoption.
Chen, Z., Lin, J., & Zeng, G. (2025). What we talk about when we talk about vegetarian diets: Insights into vegetarian practices in China. Appetite, 211, 107991. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195666325001448
Our Sources
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- Meat AND behavior
- Meat AND behaviour
- Meat AND attitudes
- Meat AND preferences
- Meat AND consumption
- Meat AND reduction
- Cultured meat
- Cultivated meat
- Clean meat
- In vitro meat
- “Cellular agriculture”
- Plant based meat
- Plant based diet
- Veganism
- Vegetarianism
- Animal advocacy
- Animal welfare
- Aquatic animal welfare
- Fish welfare
- Speciesism
- “Human-animal relations”
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Thanks to suggestions by the RECAP group, the Fish Advocacy Slack group, the research library of Faunalytics, the FAST list, and suggestions by ACE staff.
- Animal Ask Research Database
- Bryant Research
- Charity Entrepreneurship Animal Welfare Reports
- Faunalytics original studies
- Rethink Priorities Animal Welfare research (filter by cause area)
- Open Philanthropy farmed animal welfare research reports
- Sentience Institute reports
- PHAIR Journal recent articles
- Eurogroup for Animals
April 2025
by Rana Ejtehadian - 1 minute read